Next they will measure the zone of inhibition to determine to which antibiotics the bacteria on the plate are resistant. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing. Evolution by natural selectionbacterial resistance worksheet. Very quick natural selection that occurs inside people antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Controlling antibiotic resistance is everyones responsibility including you. When antibiotics are used incorrectly in human or animal medicinefor too short a time, or too small a dose, at. T h r o u g h t r a v e l travellers requiring hospital care while visiting a country with a. Students are introduced to this topic through a report on a strain of e. Designate 1 student in the group to report your fi ndings to the rest of the class. A comprehension exercise on antibiotic resistance based on an article from the bbc.
The blue marble, eastern hemisphere march 2014, nasa goddard space flight center from flickr. Natural antibiotic resistancenatural antibiotic resistance mutations allowinggg for bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics already exists in the bacterial population. The use of antibiotics to fight bacterial infections has been one of the major medical advances of the 20th century. Antibiotic resistance threats in the united states, 20. Students will be able to explain natural selection how certain individuals survived and passed on their genetic information.
Humans and animals do not become resistant to antibiotic treatments, but bacteria carried by humans and animals can. The population has evolved resistance due to natural selection by antibiotics. Provide students with an overview of antibiotics, what they treat and do not treat, antibiotic resistance, and effective health practices. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to combat the action of one or more antibiotics. Our work on rifampicin resistance helps to explain the extreme bias seen in the frequency of specific resistance mutations in resistant clinical isolates of m. Antibiotic resistance spreads between different bacteria within our body. Distinguish between evolution and natural selection. They read about a patient who has become infected with penicillinresistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance questions and answers antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic.
Antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and it can affect everyone antibiotic resistance bacteria can easily spread from person to person. Antibiotic resistance and associated genes are ubiquitous and ancient, with most genes that encode resistance in human pathogens having originated in bacteria from the natural environment eg. The problem with antibacterial products and the simplicity of natural selection name. Washing my hands helps to reduce antibiotic resistance. How is natural selection related to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance happens when the germs no longer respond to the antibiotics designed to kill them.
Natural selection teaching resources the science teacher. To answer these questions, we need to understand how antibiotic resistant bacteria arise, and how resistant strains spread through human populations. Activity sheets of natural selection evolution bbsrc. Once the identity of the organism is known, the aspects of its antimicrobial resistance are also recognized. Healthy people carry antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is one of the clearest examples of evolution by natural selection that humans have been able to view in real time. Reinforce with students that using low numbers is a weakness of the simulation and that. Also, students responses should indicate that natural selection favors bacteria that are. Carls work tackles the very real problem of the evolution of antibiotic resistance by bacterial populations in hospitals. Ask students how might antibiotic resistance be evidence to support evolution or in other words why would it be beneficial for bacteria to have antibiotic resistance. Describe how antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations demonstrates natural selection.
Thus intrinsic resistance is considered to be a natural and inherited property with high predictability. The students should have an introductory understanding of evolution by natural selection before beginning this unit. Students take on the role of epidemiologists, identifying antibioticresistant infections and recommending the best course of treatment. Natural selection and the development of antibiotic resistance middle. Explain why standing trait variation, heritability, and a link to reproductive success are necessary for evolution by natural selection within a population. Yet, the growing number of antibioticresistant bacteria is putting this golden. Natural selection leads to the predominance of certain traits in a population, and the suppression of others. The activities and questions in the unit focus on the role of mutations as a starting point for natural selection. Antibiotic resistance will eventually occur because of evolutionary natural selection, but the misuse and overuse of antibiotics is dramatically escalating the process. Evolution of antibiotic resistance this unit is actually more of a miniunit, embedded within a larger unit on evolution, or more specifically, microevolution. Dec 20, 2017 of course, our lab manual already has an activity that addresses antibiotic resistance. Evolution by natural selection bacterial resistance. Start studying darwin, evolution, antibioticpesticide resistance and natural selection. This lesson plan covers several topics found in the aqa, ocr, edexcel and wjec exam specification for alevel biology, human biology and related subjects.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Darwin, evolution, antibioticpesticide resistance and. For this station, students will use a visavis marker to divide the plate into sections and indicate where the zones of inhibition are on the plate. Genetic drift and natural selection introduction a population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical are that interbreeds freely. We identified an important interplay between the level of resistance, relative fitness and selection of fitnesscompensatory mutations among the most common resistant isolates. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest public health challenges of our timefew treatment options exist for people infected with antibioticresistant bacteria. Visit cdcs antibiotic resistance website for more information, including fact sheets describing some of these answers and how cdc is taking a one health approach to combat. These two pages will introduce the concepts of asexual reproduction, mutations, and the natural selection which all contribute to the development of resistance in bacterias to. The lab uses three colors of jellybeans to represent a species of streptococcus with genetic variation.
Although antimicrobial resistance is a natural biological phenomenon, it often enhanced as a consequence of infectious agents adaptation to exposure to antimicrobials used in humans or agriculture and the widespread use of disinfectants at the farm and the household levels. Bacteria and fungi are constantly finding new ways to avoid the effects of the antibiotics used to treat the infections they cause. Students used different types of colored pencils representing various strains of bacteria to fill in a diagram of lungs in the lab manual. Karl klose at tedxsanantonio extension for this age group they will only have a qualitative knowledge of the steps involved in natural selection. See student handout from the previous section for more detailed. More information can be found on our examination links webpage. One has noted that antibioticresistant infections double the duration of hospital stay, double mortality and probably double morbidity and presumably the costs as compared with drugsusceptible infections88. Students use the biological levels of modeling worksheet as an organization tool to predict lab results. Drug resistance describe how natural selection provides the following b.
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria or other microbes to resist the effects of an antibiotic. This video also uncovers the relationship of natural selection. Evolution is sometimes defined as a change in gene frequency in a population over time. However, the development of antibiotic resistance soon fol. A cost comparison of treating methicillinresistant. Gcse questions on the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The sum of all the alleles of all the members of the population is its gene pool. Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally via natural. In 1928, a physician named alexander fleming observed that a mold in one of his petri dishes was killing the bacteria he was trying to grow. Explain how bacterial antibiotic resistance demonstrates each principle.
They read about a patient who has become infected with penicillinresistant bacteria and advise the doctor on what to do next. One has noted that antibiotic resistant infections double the duration of hospital stay, double mortality and probably double morbidity and presumably the costs as compared with drugsusceptible infections88. Try to find at least five people of different ages to survey. Use the theory of natural selection to explain the growing resistance to antibiotics. If you look at the label on a container of hand sanitizer, youll see that it claims to kill 99. It does not mean our body is resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. Bacteria, that have to face the antibiotic challenge, evolve to acquire resistance and, under this strong selective pressure, only the fittest survive, leading to the spread of resistance. In under 100 years, we have gone from virtually no. Amoeba sistersnatural selection and the bacterial resistance. Show the students the 2 minute antibiotic guardian video to introduce the topic. We can relate each of the natural selection factors to the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Introduce the vocabulary associated with the lesson. Teacher worksheet antibiotics and resistance activity intended learning outcomes to understand how antibiotics are used to treat infections to understand how misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistant infections materials a student volunteer.
Finally, discuss with student how antibiotic resistance might be an excellent adaptation for survival in bacteria. When antibiotics were first discovered, they seemed to represent a miracle cure for human diseases like pneumonia. Not all bacterial cells within a population arenot all bacterial cells within a population are identical like a population of humans, they. Fill in the data table in the 1 antibiotic doses column with the results, including the total number of surviving bacteria.
Adaptation by natural selection acting over generations is one important process by which species change over time in response to. If it is natural then using antibiotics can actually make the bacteria infection resistant which means that the antibiotics will no longer work for your cold or throat, etc. In addition, on the following inclass quiz, students had to complete a concept frame that aligned two independent examples of evolution by natural selection one of which was the case of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and asked students to explain how each of. Be sure you fill out the data table after each dose is modeled.
They will fill in the data table in their student notebook. This means that if you get a sore throat or a cold, that is an infection that your body naturally gets. Natural selection and the development of antibiotic resistance. When a microbe with a resistant gene is exposed to a specific antibiotic, it still has the potential to increase the number of its species. Antibiotic resistance appearance and spread have been classically considered the result of a process of natural selection, directed by the use of antibiotics. Some variation inheritable characteristics exist within every species, and some of these characteristics give individuals an advantage over others in surviving and reproducing. The problem with antibacterial products and the simplicity of natural selection. Evolution by natural selectionbacterial resistance.
Have students work individually, in pairs, in teams, or as a class to complete the student sheet. I understand how antibiotic resistant bacteria multiply and why they are a problem. Natural selection of triclosan resistant bacteria natural selection is a mechanism of evolution dependent on the environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce. Discover natural selection as a mechanism of evolution with the amoeba sisters. Few studies have examined the costs of antibiotic resistance. Misp evolution by natural selection bacterial resistance. I can explain how antibiotic resistance might be helping the spread of disease. Rise of the superbug antibiotic resistant bacteria. This unit uses the development of resistance to antimicrobials as an example of natural selection. Ensure that students have the big ideas before proceeding to the next activity. Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability for infectious microbes to acquire genes for resistance to antibiotic drugs. Natural selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. A basic introductory lecture to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance from react powerpoint. Most of the questions are fairly straightforward, but we were surprised at how many students had a hard time articulating the relationship between bead colors representing genetic diversity and the events of natural selection less fit bacteria were eliminated first, leaving the bestadapted to pass their resistance alleles to the next.
Repeat this process step 3 11 more times or until no dice are left in the pot, if that happens sooner so that 12 antibiotic doses have been modeled. Antibiotic resistance increases with time and becomes an established characteristic in the population. Plan to explicitly teach the vocabulary associated with the lesson at the appropriate times within the lesson. This strain of mold led to one of the most significant medical discoveries in history. That means the germs are not killed and continue to grow. Students take on the role of epidemiologists, identifying antibiotic resistant infections and recommending the best course of treatment. Infectious diseases pdf that can be downloaded from. Students use their understanding of natural selection to explain antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Students will be able to relate natural selection to current happenings antibiotic resistance, endangered species. Antibiotic use in hospitals is causing most of the antibiotic resistance seen today. It is everyones responsibility to ensure antibiotics are used correctly. Survey form pdf, or obtain a copy from your teacher. Superbugs that resist antibiotics can evolve in 11 days. Prediction if you look at the label on a container of hand sanitizer, youll see that it claims to kill 99. Ninth grade lesson antibiotic resistance betterlesson. The students are challenged with a very topical and relevant problem. Antibiotic resistance questions and answers antibiotic use. Misp evolution by natural selection bacterial resistance teacher. A basic introductory lecture to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance from react powerpoint slides, pdf version.